Research Paper Topic- Desegregation Busing

WHO/WHAT: The Desegregation Busing Movement was a protest that ensued after Judge McMillian ordered the district to adopt the plan of integration created by Dr. John Finger. By doing so, children were forced to leave their racially predominant city of residence to not only go to a school that is used to teaching and catering to the needs of a specific race, but riding a bus with student of opposite race to initiate overcoming the effects of segregation on local school statistics. On their way to the schools they were assigned to; children we subjected to the pelting of rocks against school bus windows; shattering glass. Upon arrival, children who were not white were spat on, cursed at using derogatory language and told to go back to where they came from. This violent protest is very controversial as many schools such as Mckee J. McClendon of Akron University debate whether the presence of white opposition was because of busing or about desegregation.
WHERE: This occurred all over the United States. Eve though schools were desegregated in 1954 by the Supreme Court, most of the schools were still largely segregated mainly due to neighborhood and housing
WHEN : April 20, 1971
WHY: The ultimate goal was to end segregation in schools. Those of like race tended to live in the same area/ neighborhood as one another, causing a racial divide in school. Dr. Finger sought to end that.
IDENTITIES:  

• The identity that the protesters show is that although segregation was officially ended in 1954, there was still an unspoken racial divide in the school system created mostly by the parents and children who attended the schools. 
• It also gives identity to African Americans and those of Hispanic decent as it deals with racial discrimination because of skin color in the 1900's.
•   Articles were made about this event to bring light to a situation that most people thought, for the most part, was silenced. The articles are meant to inform the reader of the racial injustices that are still alive in that time period.
• Some parent's felt that relocating to a new school would not better the education of the child and some did. E.G. Kids who lived in Roxbury ( a minority area), thought that if their children went to school in south boston high ( predominantly white area) their kids would receive a better education despite dreading their kids safety.

PROOF OF IDENTITIES: 
In an article published in the NY Times, the Learning Network stated that schools ended their racial segregation in the year of 1954 through the case of Brown v. Board of education, the Supreme Court named segregation as unconstitutional.
In McClendon's book, he states that the huge uproar of desegregation was not due to students being taken from their schools and put into a new one; but because of a "thin veiled racism" (71)
Articles brought the issue to light by highlighting the stories of both white and minorities who went through the busing movement. In the Boston Globe, many stories told by individuals who were involved or present during the protest, tel their story of what they saw at the protest.

SOURCES;
"April 20, 1971 | Supreme Court Rules That Busing Can Be Used to Integrate Schools." NY Times. The Learning Network, 20 Apr. 2012. Web.
Irons, Meghan E., Shelley Murphey, and Jenna Russell. Boston Globe. N.p., 06 Sept. 2014. Web. 11 Oct. 2016.
McClendon, McKee J., and Fred P. Pestello. WHITE OPPOSITION: TO BUSING OR TO DESEGREGATION? 1st ed. Vol. 63. N.p.: U Texas, 1982. Print.