Annotated Bibliography - Black Panthers

Secondary Sources

Bassett, Mary T. "Beyond Berets: The Black Panthers as Health Activists." American Journal of Public Health 106.10 (2016): 1741-743. Web.

(Peer Reviewed Scholarly Article)

The article here is talking about how The Black Panther party wanted free health care for all black and oppressed people. They started doing this by setting up free health care clinics across the country, eventually opening up 13 across the country. This helped create a medical committee for Human Rights in 1965. They set up clinics in Boston, Massachusetts and Mississippi. In doing all of this The Black Panther Party revised their ‘ten-point program’ and added healthcare as a sixth. They believed that health is not a privilege but a right, and many people continue to believe in that today as well.

"The Black Panther Ten-Point Program." The North American Review 253.4 (1968): 16-17. Web.

(Book Historical Context)

The Black Panther party had a ten point program on what issues they felt needed to be corrected at the time. The issues they wanted corrected was their freedom, the abilities to get jobs, decent housing, police brutality and for African American men to be exempt from the military. Over time the ten point program would come to include health care for all black and oppressed people, but this would come at a later time during their movement.

"Quentin Young on the Black Panther Party Free Clinic in Chicago." American Journal of Public Health 106.10 (2016): 1754-755. Web.

(Peer Reviewed Scholarly Article)

Late 1960’s The Medical Committee for Human Rights and the Black Panther Party merged in the late 1960’s with a common goal to give health care to the oppressed. The groups had opened up their first clinic in Lawndale, Chicago thanks to Ronald Satchel and Fred Hampton. The clinic had no problem attracting doctors to the clinic to help the many needy civilians. A few days after opening authorities tried to close the center down due to health violations, but it remains open. A Black Panther advocate stays on hand to interview almost every patient and try to help their problem. A volunteer at the center that goes by the name Mrs. Woods helps 20-30 people a day.

Brown, Theodore M. "Working With the Panthers to Transform Health Care for Poor Black Communities." American Journal of Public Health 106.10 (2016): 1756-757. Web.

(Peer Reviewed Scholarly Article)

This article is about how Quentin Young did his work in the late 1960’s while working at one of the free medical care centers that was setup by the Black Panther Party. When he was at the University of Chicago he wanted to bring an end to the differences in health care options provided to students. White’s received health care at the school, while blacks were turned away and sent to a run down hospital that was not fit for giving health care. The article says that the medical clinics were used as a tactical and survival strategy. A way to stay out of the police line of sight and build a strong political base. Quentin Young’s partnership with the free medical clinics was able to make these clinics more legitimacy and success. It also left a long term positive association with professional alumni.

Pope, R.J. & Flanigan, S.T. Soc Just Res (2013) 26: 445. doi:10.1007/s11211-013-0197-8

(Book Chapter talking about the identity of the Black Panther Party.)

This chapter form this book looks over what the black panthers were. It talks about the violence that they had to face as a whole. It also talks about how they went about protesting. This article hits upon where they started, what they were protesting about and also the why. It also talks about how the The Black Panther Party also taught the history of the African American man.

Phu, T. N. "Shooting the Movement: Black Panther Party Photography and African American Protest Traditions." Canadian Review of American Studies, vol. 38, no. 1, 2008., pp. 165-189doi:10.1353/crv.0.0008.

(Scholarly article about protest)

This article talks about a couple different forms of protest, along with talking about how The Black Panther Party organized their protest. What people thought about their protest and just how affective they were in their protests. It also talks about the self destructive violence that the BPP brought upon to themselves, and how the symbol they used did not help them out.

Phillips, Mary. "The Power of the First-Person Narrative: Ericka Huggins and the Black Panther Party." Women's Studies Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 3, 2015., pp. 33-51

(Peer Reviewed Scholarly Article)

This article talks about the unfair justice system that African Americans faced and the fight that the BPP put up in an attempt to get a somewhat fair justice system for all of the oppressed. The article gives a more in depth look at what the BPP did by giving a point of view from a couple of different people who either had some help from them or gave help to others.

Bloom, Joshua, and Waldo E. Martin. Black against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party. Berkeley: U of California, 2013. Print.

(Book about the historical work)

This book is about The Black Panther party and gives a very thorough and well written look at the history of the black panthers. It talks about how The BPP were able to recruit people easily. The book also explains the violent overtones that the BPP also had in their message at often times. The book goes in to much more detail, but this is a quick overview.

Delli Carpini, M. X. (2000). Black panther party: 1966-1982. In I. Ness & J. Ciment (Eds.), The encyclopedia of third parties in America (pp. 190-197). Armonke, NY: Sharpe Reference. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/1

(Book Chapter about the Historical work)

This talks about the founding of the BPP and also their philosophy that went into the group. Covers their strategy and what tactics they would use to get their message out to other people. The way their leadership went about doing things and how they were structured as a group. This also covers their decline and how they left a lasting legacy in today’s civilization.

Shames, Stephen, and Bobby Seale. Power to the People: the World of the Black Panthers.

(Historical book)

This book looks at the history of the Black Panthers and gives another look at how they were able to give a successful protest. It also talks about their ten point program and gives a look at their survival programs.

Shih, Bryan, and Yohuru R. Williams. The Black Panthers: Portraits from an Unfinished Revolution.

(Historical book)

This book has recollections from various members of the BPP and talks about the role that women play in it. This also talks about a ‘secret’ campaign that the FBI had against the Black Panthers. The book as a whole talk about the BPP as a misunderstood organization.

Mercat-Bruns, Marie et al. “The Multiple Grounds of Discrimination.” Discrimination at Work: Comparing European, French, and American Law, University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2016, pp. 145–246,

(Theoretical look at the Black Panthers)

This gives a different look at what the black panthers stood for. This si a good way to write about and think of the group differently as a whole.

 Gerald Rosenberg, "The 1964 Civil Rights Act: The Crucial Role of Social Movements in the Enactment and Implementation of AntiDiscrimination Law," 49 Saint Louis University Law Journal 1147 (2004).

(Chapter talking about a Similar Protest)

            This protest talks about much of the same of what the Black Panthers were fighting for. At least when it comes to the equality for all oppressed and color people.

Primary Sources

SEALE, BOBBY. “THE BLACK SCHOLAR INTERVIEWS: BOBBY SEALE.” The Black Scholar, vol. 4, no. 1, 1972, pp. 7–16. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy1.library.arizona.edu/stable/41163492.

Hebrewstruth. "Black Panther Co-Founder Bobby Seale Discusses Huey P. Newton, COINTELPRO & Other Topics {Uncut}." YouTube. YouTube, 16 May 2014. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.

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