Annotated bibliography

Bruns, Roger. “The Encyclopedia of Cesar Chavez: the farm workers’ fight for rights and justice”. Santa Barbara, California. Greenwood publishing. 2013. Ebook

This book shows an extensive look at the life of Chavez and also looks at the life of the United Farm Workers of America organization and how it began. Bruns, along with other contributors, take us through the life and times of Chavez and at the beginning of the book you learn that Chavez had a difficult time getting started with his organization and getting followers.

On page 268 the book talks about his early years in the organization and how it was hard for Chavez to understand why people join causes. In those early years he learned how to uplift his people and help them instead of using his people to better his personal life.

Chavez, Cesar. “Speech at Pacific Lutheran University in Tacoma, Washington in 1989”. United Farm Workers of America. Ufw.org. 1989. Speech.

More than 20 years after Chavez began his crusade for fair working conditions he continued to educate people on the evolving issues in the farm workers world. In 1989 a now elderly Chavez, warns the crowd at the Pacific Lutheran University in Tacoma about pesticides being used on grapes around the west coast but especially in California. He tells a story about a boy who died from cancer after being exposed to the chemicals and pesticides which were being used around him and his family in the McFarland area. In that area 13 boys were diagnosed with cancer during the 1980s, during a time when the towns population was only 6000 people. Chavez goes on to say that at the time there was no evidence to conclude that pesticides were the actual cause of cancer in these children however.

Araiza, Lauren. “To March for Others: The black freedom struggle and the United Farm Workers”. Philadelphia, Penn., University of Pennsylvania Press. 2014. Ebook

What Araiza writes about in chapter 2 of the book is about how different groups of the time came together to form stronger bonds and to gain more of a voice within society. NFWA worked with other organizations like SNCC because they shared similar conflicts and both groups understood the racial disparities they both shared. However, as the 60s began to move along groups like the SNCC began to see conflicts rise within their own group. SNCC were responsible for forming white allies and bringing middle class white young people to Mississippi to help register rural and inner city people to vote. Some within the group did not like the idea of white allies, they felt they could not totally relate to the struggle. Regardless, the SNCC California chapter remained focused on economic inequalities rather than racial inequalities like they were doing in the south. SNCC was crucial in helping NFWA in continuing their protests and doing them in a nonviolent manner.

Alarcon, Evelina. “Cesar Chavez: A legacy for peace, justice and non-violence”. New York, NY. Long View publishing. C2003. Peoplesworld.org. online publication.

I like this article because it gives you more of an insight as to how Cesar Chavez was and how he wanted to take on his causes and do so in a non violent manner. Chavez was famous for taking stands and being firm in his actions. Chavez once did a 25 day fast to send a message to farm workers who had mentioned the rise in violent assaults by farm owners. Chavez saw non violence as a winning strategy and said “violence just hurts those who are already hurt”. Here you see the impact other peaceful leaders of the world had on Chavez. He’s said he was inspired by the work of Ghandi and also really admired Dr. Martin Luther King. The two leaders never worked together but they both admired what each other was doing. King once said that their efforts were one and the same, and Dr. Kings wife, Coretta Scott King, visited Chavez while he was once jailed for violated a boycott injunction.

Hart, Treviño, Elva. “Barefoot Heart: Stories of a Migrant Child”. Tempe, Arizona. Bilingual Press. Hispanic research center. ASU. 1999.

One of my all time favorite autobiography’s has to be this deep, often hard to imagine, story of a young child traveling with her family as they made their yearly trip to pick fruits in Minnesota. Although the true story mentions making trips to the great Northern part of the country and not southern California, it still follows the same things Chavez mentioned in his speeches or writings. Elva Treviño Hart was a child when her whole family would make the trip each summer. They faced racism, poor living and working conditions along with other difficulties. I met the author in 2005 and she was one of the sweetest women I’ve met and conversed with.

Leonard, David J., Lugo, Carmen. “Latino History and Culture: an encyclopedia”. Armonk, NY. Sharpe reference, 2010.

Awaiting on request from library. Not an Ebook.

Levy, Jacqueline. Ross, Fred Jr. “Cesar Chavez: the autobiography of La Causa”. Minnesota. University of Minnesota press. 2007.

In 1965 Chavez had already established his life and family and they were all already experienced farm workers but Chavez knew things were not what they should be. The conditions were poor and the work was long and dangerous at times. Grape pickers were paid an average of 90 cents an hour but would work ridiculously long hours and lived in poor conditions.

United States National Park Service, Pacific West region issuing body. "Cesar Chavez Special resource study and Environmental assessment". San Francisco, California. 2012. 
What this resource really gives an insight to is the life of Chavez and his family. The early part of his life is something not too many people look into because the work he did through out his adult life is the most fascinating but his upbringing and family really molded Chavez into the tireless leader he would be known for. This resource is also a good resource for information ranging from ages of which he began working or began forming his NFWA organization. 

Annotated Bibliography

1  Aidaros, H. “Drivers for animal welfare policies in the Middle East.” OFFICE INT    EPIZOOTIES: Paris, 2014. Web.

Requested

2Aalota, Elisa. “The Philosophy behind the Movement: Animal Studies versus  Animal Rights.” Society & Animals. Oct2011, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p393-406. 14p.         Web.

Elisa Aatola, in her article, looks into the criticisms given out by animal rights scholars to grassroots movements. Such criticisms place stress on the movements for their philosophically uninformed posture, politically regressive effect, and practically unpersuasive demonstrations. Aaolta asserts that these criticisms arise due to a lack of understanding of the philosophical notions found within the movement, although concedes that there may be room for more emphasis on persuasion among animal rights activists.

3   Beers, Diane L. “For the prevention of cruelty : the history and legacy of animal         rights activism in the United States.” Athens, Ohio: Swallow Press/Ohio     University Press, c2006. Web.

In Diane Beers’ book “For the prevention of cruelty : the history and legacy of animal rights activism in the United States” she takes a look at some of the pop-cultural discussion surrounding the issues of animal rights and applies her academic experience. While taking note of what she read from a magazine on the subject of the legal status of animals, Beers notes a relatively short memory in the discussion of animal rights. “Granted, the author’s intent was not to study the past, but the article’s ahistorical perspective exemplifies a broader trend of omission that extends from popular conceptions to academia(2). Her work provides a historical survey of the movement that is relative to recent developments on the subject.

4  Black, Jason. “Extending the rights of personhood, voice, and life to sensate others:   A homology of right to life and animal rights rhetoric.” Communication Quarterly. Volume 51, 2003 - Issue 3

Jason Black’s book “Extending the Rights of Personhood, Voice, and Life to Sensate  Others” claims the existence of, and seeks to prove rhetorical similarities between the animal rights movement and the right-to-life (anti-abortion) movements. He begins this book off with the coined term “Other-directed.” Which refers to individuals whose protest seeks to help a disenfranchised group that they are not part of.

5  DeMello, Margo. “Animals and Society : An Introduction to Human-Animal   Studies.” Columbia University Press, 2012. Web.

Margo Demello, in her book “Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-Animal Studes” offers a reading human-animal relations. The purpose of her book was claimed to be a resource for professors teach from more effectively on the subject as well as being accessible to students in learning the subject. Her goal in teaching and writing on the subject is to have the field expand more in academia, as her audience is almost exclusive academic for this particular production.

6Francione, Gary; Garner, Robert. The Animal Rights Debate: Abolition or       Regulation? Columbia University Press, 2010.

Gary Francione, and Robert Francisco offer two perspectives on the notion of animal rights movements and approaches to conceptualizing the roles animals play in human-animal interactions. Gary being under the persuasion that all use of animal products for human benefit is not morally justifiable, whereas Francisco argues that while revisions should be made to the use and consumption of animals, the creatures inhabit a lower rung on a scale of what kind of rights animals deserve in comparison to humans. This book doesn’t argue whether or not animal deserve legal protection, but rather to what extent.

7Franklin, Julian H. “Animal Rights and Moral Philosophy.” Columbia University      Press, 2005. Web.

Julian Franklin, in his book, seeks to rework the philosophical notion of animal rights and over some new directions, as he states in his preface. The book is segmented into chapters that take a philosophical school of thought that is closely associated with famous philosophers who have mentioned this subject and offers counterpoints and new ideas in relation to these schools of thought. Franklin speaks in a way that presumes knowledge of the subject on the part of the reader and is intending for a somewhat experienced audience.

8Gottwald, Franz et. al., Editors. Food Ethics. Springer, 2010.

Gottwald et. al. compiled the 2010 book “Food Ethics” as an assertion to create the subject of Food Ethics into its own well distinguished line of scholarly activity. The beginning of the first chapter opens with a discussion on a variety of global crises related to the food industry that comprise the subject matter of Food Ethics, and how political and non-government organizations are involved with them. Taking this into account, it is noted that Food Ethics is not a regular subject taught in schools or universities, but according to the writer, it needs to be. This book, cites numerous sources on the subject at considerable lengths and is designated to readers with some involvement in ethical discussions already.

   9  Guither, Harold D. “Animal Rights: History and Scope of a radical social        movement.” Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, c1998. Web.

Harold Guither offers a fairly comprehensive historical recount of the animal rights movement; including details about origins in Europe as well as the formation of key players in the rhetorical realm of the discussion. Guither writes on a variety of subjects within the movement, including legislature passed to protect animals, the presence and development of vegetarian ideology within the movement, and historical context of the various societies that developed over the course of time. Guither's book is a useful guide to research for students or those curious about the movement to collect a list of facts from.

   10 James, Jasper. "The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography, and Creativity in       Social            Movements." University of Chicago Press, 2008. Web.

In James Jasper’s book “ The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography, and Creativity in Social Movements” he focuses on the form protests take on to meet the demand of their situation, and he takes into account and develops terms on the cultural and individual level. He states that use scholars use to take into account the ‘objective’ features of protests (namely strife over resources or political climate) that were more easily measurable, there has since been an increase in literature of the cultural perspective of rhetoric, and he claims that the findings of this literature should be applied in rethinking prior theories rather than attempting to reduce the newly discussed cultural factors into variables to take into account alongside the objective data. Jasper’s book is written at an academic level and published from the University of Chicago Press, intended primarily for scholarly readers

   11 Linzy, Andrew. “The Global Guide to Animal Protection.” University of                                Illinois            Press. 2012. Web.

Andrew Linzy book is written broadly on the implementable techniques for animal-friendly living in a global society

12 Monoghan, Rachel. “Animal rights and violent protest.” Terrorism and Political         Violence, 9:4,106-116. Web.

Rachel Monaghan, in her article, seeks to map the growth of the demand for animal rights against the evolution of violent animal rights protests. She takes into account works from a few noteworthy philosophers on the subject as well as a few activist groups known for having aggressive displays, specifically looking into their tactics, ideologies, and targets. Rachel writes from the journal of terrorism and political violence, and while her approach in writing is accessible enough, the area of publication seems specific to a scholarly audience.

   13 Moss, Michael. “Animal Welfare at Risk in Experiments for Meat Industry.”  Nytimes.com.  January, 2015. Web.

In his 2015 article “Animal Welfare at Risk in Experiments for Meat Industry” published in the New York Times, Michael Moss claims the existence of severe animal neglect or mistreatment with the purpose of increasing profits for the meat industry. He develops this point by citing people who formerly worked for the testing center under discussion, as well as textual responses received from employees, as a means to demonstrate the kind of behavior going on. Pictorial evidence is also provided. The government involvement in these experiments is highlighted, and the ultimate goal of the article is one to bring awareness to the kind of animal suffering that’s going on and the type of funding it is getting. This article is published for the audience of people outside of the industry in order to shed light to those who may be totally uninvolved in the discussion.

   14 Murphy, Dee. “The Great American Meatout.” Current Health 2. Feb2002, Vol. 28   Issue 6, p23.3p. 2 Color Photographs, 1 Chart. Web.

Dee Murphy’s article “The Great American Meatout” is a descriptive analysis of the annual vegetarian event started by the FARM organization that was started as a response to the declaration of National Meat week.

   15  Powell, Kimberly A. “The Great American Meatout: Engaging a Society of Meat       Eaters in Anti Meat-Eating Rhetoric.” Journal of the Northwest            Communication Association. Spring2002, Vol. 31, p81-102. 22p. Web.

Kimberly Powell’s article on The Great American Meatout offers an analysis of one of the few major movements that is aimed at promoting a meat-free diet in a society that is fully absorbed in a meat-eating ethos. Noting the symbolism that staple meat products such as steak and veal has with power in America, and noting the de-animalization of meat-products through the complete separation consumers have with the slaughtering process, Powell analyzes the historical context and rhetorical technique of Farm Animal Reform Movement,  noting how their messages has affected a society that is deluged in meat-eating propaganda

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Annotated bibliography

Annotated bibliography

Ackerman, Peter. "Chapter 9. South Africa: Campaign against Apartheid." A Force More

            Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict. St. Martin's Press: New York, 2000. Print.

            Peter Ackerman's rendition of the timeline of non-violent, apartheid associated, protests brings attention to how communities of discriminated people banded together to overthrow an oppressive government. Ackerman's carefully conducted research shows that if the desire for change is strong enough, there is no need for physical violence. In his study of apartheid South Africa, the author depicts, in his book, a consumer boycott that began as a grass root effort and grew to nationwide proportions. Ackerman explicitly states in his account of the events, that he believes non-violent movements such as the boycott, were contributory toward ending apartheid and freeing Nelson Mandela. Ackerman's research of non-violent protest will be an instrumental example in my paper in proving the communal identity of the grassroots activists in the apartheid era, and how they influenced the rest of the country.

Ballard, Richard, Adam Habib, and Imraan Valodia. Voices of Protest: Social Movements in Post-           Apartheid South Africa. Scottsville, South Africa: U of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006. Print.

            The multi-authored book, "Voices of Protest: Social Movements in Post-Apartheid South Africa", documents movements in the post-apartheid era dedicated to empowering and mobilizing the previously downtrodden citizens of South Africa. Citing this account of South African social initiatives will build good context for the events that led up to protest as well as the repercussions. The reconstruction, as described by the book was a difficult task due to the events of prior segregation; but peace was achieved through the united native front, and new leadership. This rebuilding plays an important role in defining native identity and shows the communal character of South African pride developed in the aftermath of segregation.

Clegg, Johnny (with Nelson Mandela) "Asimbonanga" 1999 *freedom song

"Dubul'iBhunu"- Shoot the Boer (Afrikaner) Sung by: Julius Malema *freedom song

Frueh, Jamie. Political Identity and Social Change: The Remaking of the South African Social      Order. Albany: State U of New York, 2003. Print.

            Frueh's rendition of South African identity is key to understanding how the natives viewed themselves during separatism, and how they view themselves as part of the nation. It is important to examine the isolation natives of South Africa felt during apartheid to understand and redefine the identity they feel without exclusion. Frueh feels that native identity is still very much present in the post-apartheid era through the preservation of culture and native traditions. He looks past the idea of race as its own identity and points to how geography and socio-economics also play a role in identification. This point of view will serve as an interesting idea in contrasting the natives as an oppressed race, and as an integral part of new South African culture.

Grundlingh, Albert. “‘Rocking the Boat’ in South Africa? Voëlvry Music and Afrikaans Anti-          Apartheid Social Protest in the 1980s.” The International Journal of African Historical     Studies, vol. 37, no. 3, 2004, pp. 483–514.

            The motivation behind Voëlvry music examined by Grundlingh, is vital to understanding anti-apartheid protest. Stemming from the Dutch word meaning "to feel", the Voëlvry movement was created to mock the colonists as well as to send a message that says "we will not be silenced." According to eye-witness accounts that Grundlingh cites in his journal, the music and dance consisted of the clapping of hands and the stomping of one's feet. These easy but firm movements made it possible for anyone to participate in the protest; hence what made it so powerful. It is clear through the South African professor's analyzation of anti-apartheid protest that Voëlvry music played a key role in spreading the message of liberation and contributing to native identity through a heritage that all black South Africans could understand.

Haecker, Allyss Angela. Post-Apartheid South African Choral Music: An Analysis of Integrated     Musical Styles with Specific Examples by Contemporary South African Composers.      Thesis. University of Iowa, 2012. ProQuest Dissertations, January 2012. Web.

            Haecker's long and detailed look at South African choral music is essential in developing a language to talk about anti-apartheid and post-apartheid music. On page 23 of her thesis, Haecker discusses the ties of music to national identity; this will be the excerpt cited in my paper. Getting a second and published opinion on the subject of building music through identity will help me establish credibility on a subject matter of which I am by no means an expert. In addition, the author's claims of musical ties to identity, especially in the era of apartheid, are too central to my rhetorical analysis to pass up.

           

Harrell, Willie J, Jr: 'We Shall Crush Apartheid': Nelson Mandela, Steve Biko and the Rhetoric of             the South African Anti-Apartheid Jeremiad. Ethnicity and Race in a Changing World: A                       Review Journal, 1:1 (Winter 2009), p.13-27

In his analysis of the jeremiads of Nelson Mandela and Steve Biko, Willie Harrell Jr., a professor at Kent State University takes a look at the rhetoric that inspired social change within the anti-apartheid movement. He compares speeches given by both black activists, and comes to the conclusion, in his essay that both parties sought to abolish political and "rebuild or restructure community politics void of apartheid’s regime." He writes of the demands held by both Mandela and Biko and analyzes the genre of a Jeremiad in itself. Looking at the rhetorical contexts of the Jeremiad in my paper juxtaposed with the ideas produced in Harrell Jr.'s essay, I will be able to establish a more effective argument in regards to the rhetoric of the anti-apartheid movement in my paper.

Jolaosho, O. "Political Aesthetics and Embodiment: Sung Protest in Post-Apartheid South                   Africa." JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CULTURE, vol. 20, no. 4, 2015., pp. 443-            458doi:10.1177/1359183515601454.

            In her account of music as a form of protest, Jolaosho, a professor of African Studies at the University of South Florida, analyzes how freedom songs contributed to the growing community of protestors and how they are still relevant in the wake of "Neoliberal" politics of South Africa. She argues that freedom songs reach beyond the plight and rage of protestors in a way that also offers a way for the impoverished to be heard by the elite. The way freedom songs transcend socio-economic boundaries in the way Jolaoshao argues is an interesting addition to the cultural phenomenon of musical protest that I will further explain in my analyzation of freedom songs as a rhetorical object.

Mandela, Nelson. "Inaugural Address." Cape Town. 10 May 1994.

            Analyzing the inaugural speech of Nelson Mandela's first term in office is essential to understanding South African identity in the aftermath of apartheid. In his speech, Mandela abolishes the concept of separatism and calls for South African unity calling May 10, 1994 a "Victory for all the people of South Africa." He doesn't however abandon the harsh history natives faced in the wake of slavery and apartheid. He instead uses the imagery of a man brought to the country in chains as a way to depict how far his country has come as a nation. The speech is based primarily on democracy and equality for all South African's nuanced with goals to enfranchise the poor and the downtrodden. Nelson Mandela was a huge contributor to the reconstruction of South Africa both as a nation, and as an identity, and is imperative to examine in order to understand how the natives view themselves as part of the united nation.

Marx, Anthony W. "Contested Images and Implications of South African Nationhood." The             Violence Within: Cultural and Political Opposition in Divided Nations. Ed. Kay B. Warren.           Boulder: Westview Press, 1993.

            This book, as a whole, explores a range of contemporary conflicts in which culture has become an explicit issue. In Marx's essay "Contested Images and Implications of South African Nationhood", he develops an understanding of South African nationalism and its relation to overthrowing the oppressive regime of apartheid. The cultural anthropologist looks at the point of view of the natives and uses prominent speeches such as those from Popo Melefe to argue that regardless of the scale, nationalism will always impede persecution. Marx's understanding of South African nationalism will serve as an excellent source in my paper in regards to proving the native identity and how natives were able to rise up above separatism to accomplish their goals for equality.

Nemeth, Mary. "An exceptional protest: anti-apartheid groups stage a united march."    Maclean's 25 Sept. 1989: 34+. Biography in Context. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.

            The Cape Town united march in 1989, as explicated by journalist, Mary Nemeth is a solid example of a demonstration protest and of unity during the anti-apartheid movement. During the demonstration, an estimated 20,000 people, mainly black, took to the streets of the South African capital to protest segregation and persecution; where they chanted, sang freedom songs, and danced in an entirely non-violent manner. This protest ties directly to the proud, native identity and will be excellent, concrete evidence to argue unity through song and discrimination within the rhetorical context of my paper.

Neocosmos, M. From 'foreign Natives' to 'native Foreigners': Explaining Xenophobia in Post-     Apartheid South Africa: Citizenship and Nationalism, Identity and Politics. 2nd ed. Dakar,     Senegal: CODESRIA, 2010. Web.

            Neocosmos provides crucial information as well as evidence to the formation of Anti-apartheid identity in his book "foreign natives" to "native foreigners"..." Through the process of "state interpellation" described by the author, South African natives built on pre-existing political, social, and cultural identities as a result of the apartheid movement. Neocosmos, in his book, cites studies from Mahmood Mandani, who is a well-known sociologist and author as well as an expert on the social movements of apartheid. Mandani has formed theses based on the xenophobia that led to apartheid as well as xenophobic implications still present in South Africa in the post-apartheid era. Both of these key ideas will be essential in my paper's look at proving Native identity and how it was shaped by apartheid.

"Reigniting the Struggle: The 1970s Through the Release of Mandela." South Africa: Overcoming          Apartheid, Building Democracy. Michigan State University.

            This portion of research conducted by the Michigan State University’s African Studies Department primarily focuses on the timeline of the height of apartheid opposition to the release of Nelson Mandela. During this time, South African leaders attempted to push the apartheid movement beyond the boundaries of South Africa and into other countries. According to the text, this was unsuccessful as the majority of the continent was for the liberation of South African natives. This timeline is important because during this time of political unrest (even martial law), was when the concept of freedom songs and "Peoples poets" arose. Freedom songs, being the rhetorical object I will analyze in my thesis, bolstered unity throughout the African country and served to inspire protestors to fight for a better tomorrow. 

"The Rise of Apartheid." South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid, Building Democracy. Michigan     State University.

            The studies and research conducted by the Michigan State University African Studies Center will be a crucial source in my paper for developing a historical context for apartheid. The recorded timeline includes records of the origins of apartheid as well as the social, economic, and colonial conquests that built up to its happening. I will need this kind of academic research to effectively establish credibility on the topic of apartheid as well as to paint a picture of important events that occurred during the times of political struggle.