Malcom X

Who: Malcolm Little, Malcolm X.

What: Black rights activist and pastor who brought the nation of islam to power. Malcolm's fights for freedom.

When 1925-1965, specifically post 1936 after he was released from jail.

Where: Omaha Nebraska is where he was born, but moved because of racism, Lansing Michigan where he spent his childhood.

Why: Injustice, because Martin Luther King was peaceful man and his protests were taking too long Malcolm X tried to make justice, force justice.

Identity: I really enjoy learning about these famous figures I know nothing about. The identity is the double standard. Malcolm Little did what he could to try and stop the double standards held between whites and blacks. When something is morally wrong, but the oppressors have no reason to stop the oppressing. Malcolm Little did what he thought was best to end injustice and the double standard. Any party who has been oppressed can relate, but even things such as teachers using their phone in high school when I wasn't allowed to because it's distracting.

Carmichael Analysis

Rhetorical vs. historical context: Stewart's Account of Stokely Carmichael's "Black Power"

Historical Context

• "As the movement spread...riots and demonstrations in northern cities between July 18 and September 7, 1964" (pg. 490)
• References dates and places in history that are examples of the change in attitude away from 'passive, nonviolent, civil disobedience' toward something new
• "Three weeks after the march, racists bombed the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church..."
• Providing historical example of increased violence following a peaceful protest

Rhetorical Context

• "...appearance and dress, in contrast to older movement leaders, exuded charisma with younger audiences he spoke to most often." (pg. 493)
• He would change his dress depending on the audience that he was adressing to be more impactful. 
• "Carmichael was a master of adapting language and materials to each audience" (pg. 493)
• He would change his speech depending on the audience that he was addressing, referencing scholarly articles when speaking to white college students or speak in a Southern accent when speaking to black communities who had not attended a university
• "Observers began to detect a 'new militance'..." (pg. 490)
• There was an increase in violence and organization of that violence in the South following the march in Washington and produced no apparent change
• "Carmichael created a symbolic realignment by replacing words such as Negro, Negro people, ghetto, segregation and integration with black, black masses, colony, colonialism and liberation..." (pg. 496)
• He changed the words that he would use to better suit his purpose

Effective

Defintion: rhetoric that appropriately frames the protest in the relevant context, and responds to the constraints imposed by these conditions


Example:



The idea of Hillary Clinton campaigning is generally in the format of a pynx, where she is the authority and the people are in a "vulnerable position"(Deluca and Peeples 186). However, in the townhall format (shown above) the people are arranged around her, she can hand the microphone around, and everyone can interact. This structure is similar to that of the agora, where everyone has a voice. This is effective, because she is shifted from a voice of authority to an individual who is more relatable.

From the text: "...the public sphere is imagined as a place of embodied voices, of people talking to each other, of conversation. This is a deep impulse and a beautiful dream and it is endemic to our vision of the public sphere, of democracy, of even effective communication itself. This is evident in our televised presidential election town meetings, wherein the 'live' audience in the room makes the event authentic, real." (Deluca and Peeples 186)





Work Cited

Image credit: Krupa, Charles. "Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Rodham Clinton addresses a gathering during a town hall meeting in Dover, NH." AP photo. Web 16 July 2015.

Salt March Final Draft

Jake Barenholtz

Steph Brown

Eng 306

MW 3:00-4:15

Mohandas Gandhi Hunger Strike

Most Americans know of Mohandas Gandhi. Most would probably say he was a peaceful man, but then realize that this fact is all they really know about Gandhi. Americans don't really know of the man the people of India called "Mahatma"- meaning great soul (History.com Staff, Gandhi begins fast in protest of caste separation, http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/gandhi-begins-fast-in-protest-of-caste-separation) . Gandhi was a genuine man, in part because of his unprecedented way of seeking independence from Great Britain. In 1776, America declared independence from Great Britain through the Revolutionary war- we fought and lost lives on both sides of the battlefield. When Gandhi fought for independence, he was imprisoned multiple times, by multiple governments. In 1922, he was jailed for conspiracy to overthrow the British government (Years of Arrest and Imprisonment of Mahatma Gandhi, http://www.mkgandhi.org/arrestofmahatma.htm) . Gandhi’s method of his protest is valuable to analyze because of how unique and revolutionary he was. Gandhi practiced what is now known as civil disobedience, but he knew the term satyagraha. The English translation is tricky, but it translates roughly to "unflinching adherence to the truth". Gandhi would become the founding father of India, but not without conflict (Mahatma Gandhi and His Myths- By Mark Shepard). 

One of Gandhi's most famous protests was his "fast unto death". On September 16^th, Mahatma Gandhi, while still imprisoned, started his fast (A Fast Unto Death - Gandhi’s Legacy, Kathleen, https://rentschlerlibrary.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/a-fast-unto-death-remembering-gandhi/) . This is because it was the British who ruled India, and at this time had implemented a new Indian constitution that would separate the Indian electorate by caste. Gandhi realized this new constitution would give the lowest class of Indians, more commonly known at that time as the "untouchables" a separate political representation, and that this would lead to injustice among the untouchables, to which Gandhi referred to as "gods children". Trying to sway the British crown is never easy, but with Gandhi's constant preaching of peace, if he died the British would have to deal with many upset Indians. Gandhi would fast for six days until British rule agreed to his principal terms of a settlement between the untouchables and the Indians higher classes. Gandhi broke his fast by saying a prayer before drinking orange juice and exclaiming “satyagraha has triumphed” (http://www.history.co.uk/this-day-in-history/09-16/gandhi-begins-a-protest-fast).

The audience Mohandas Gandhi was trying to reach was British Parliament. More than one hundred and fifty years had passed since America declared independence. India had not been so fortunate. The process of Indian independence was achieved much differently. Gandhi wouldn’t succumb to violence, so he had to make his own path, a new way that he could appeal to the British government. The British had set up a trade deal in the late 1500s that would leave India in need of Britain for supplies. As time went on, this relationship was becoming more and more one-sided, leaving the British with no reason to free the Indian population (British rule in India, Chris Butler, http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/eme/18/FC123).

 Gandhi's protests were never violent - Mahatma Gandhi never preached violence, even saying at multiple times that the only way to beat violence is with non-violence. When it came to hearing logic and the voice of reason through logos, it was not that Gandhi was above using logic, but the British crown simply wouldn't hear it.

One of Gandhi's biggest assets in the 1930's was being himself. He was famous for his time spent in South Africa.I feel this appeal was used greatly in Gandhi's fast unto death, but it was used differently than others use it. When Gandhi began his fast, it put the British on a sort of clock. Gandhi realized his influence was so great that his death would mean more death, riots, and possibly war. Mohandas Gandhi was a member of the vaisya or merchant caste. As a member of the merchant caste he was able to attend college and the knowledge he gained here made him the credible person he was. If a poor man who no one knew starved to death the British wouldn't care. However because of who he was the British were not willing to allow the man who lead a sixty thousand person peaceful march to have his supporters possibly protest and riot. Gandhi was aware that the British crown would not be able to deal with the public pressure. Gandhi embraced it, as he said this is a god-given opportunity that has come to me, "To offer my life as a final sacrifice to the downtrodden". The man was prepared to die and the British waited six days, but when push came to shove they were aware of what was at stake.

In an argument, regardless of the speakers and the audience, there will be an appeal to either logic or emotion, and while a good cause can appeal to both, there will be an appeal to at least one. Gandhi's appeals to logic were worthless- it didn't work because his people were being oppressed,and he knew it would take more than logic to convince the British crown they were wrong, especially since this meant losing a lot of money and support for the government. Gandhi found another way- the fact that Gandhi was a member of the higher vaiysa caste gave him a voice no untouchable had. This caste gave him a platform to appeal for his children of god. The lower caste system was in jeopardy of being suppressed for seventy more years, but Gandhi knew if this happened there would be no going back, that the greed of the upper castes would deny human needs to the lower castes. Although Gandhi never said it, I believe the fast was representing the starving people of the lower caste. The people who would continue to starve if this continual misrepresentation proceeded. 

The great soul was concerned with the needs of others more than himself. The constant acts of selflessness are nearly unparalleled - the man was ready to fast unto death in order to get reform for those less fortunate than him. He called the untouchables the children of god, a name that appeals to pathos. Gandhi fought for indolence through peace. He led more than than sixty thousand people on a march to the sea. Indeed, the man was known from Berlin to Bangkok because he accomplished through peace what others had previously thought necessitated force. Gandhi did not fear death for he knew he would be more powerful in death than he was in life. What he represented still stands today, both in India, and here at home as well, as he laid the foundation for Martin Luther King Jr's civil disobedience, or as I learned it to be called, satyagraha.

Work Cited

"Gandhi Begins Fast in Protest of Caste Separation." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

"Years of Arrests of Mahatma Gandhi." Years of Arrests of Mahatma Gandhi. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

"What Is Satyagraha? | FAQs - Myths about Mahatma Gandhi." What Is Satyagraha? | FAQs - Myths about Mahatma Gandhi. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

Shepard, Mark. "Mahatma Gandhi and His Myths (Gandhi, Civil Disobedience, Nonviolence, Non-Violence, Satyagraha)." Mark Shepard's Home Page *Gandhi, the Flute, More*. N.p., 2002. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

"A “Fast Unto Death”–Gandhi’s Legacy." Rentschler Library News. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

@HISTORYUK. "Gandhi Begins a Protest Fast." HISTORY. N.p., 2015. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

"The Battle in Seattle" analysis

1. The authors see that it turned out to be a violent riot when it was supposed to be a peaceful protest.

2. The non violent protesters wanted change but because of the way the media was building up the violence they were not able to bring about change.

3.  Yes, because the media can dictate what is being shown. They can make give a different reason as to why something is happening without giving all of the truth.

4. The media portrays the violence in a way that the audience cares more about the protest than what they are actually protesting.

5. Yes we agree.

Mohandas Gandhi Hunger Strike

Jake Barenholtz
Steph Brown
Eng 306
MW 3:00-4:15

Mohandas Gandhi Hunger Strike

Most Americans know who Mohandas Gandhi was. If you ask, someone would most likely say he was a peaceful man, then realize that is all they really know about Gandhi. Americans don't truly know of the man the people of India called "Mahatma" to which the direct translation is great soul. Gandhi was a one of a kind man, this is because of his unprecedented way of seeking independence from Great Britain. In 1776 America declared independence and we fought and lost human lives, British and American blood was shed. When Gandhi fought for independence and was imprisoned once in South Africa and three times in India it was for social change. In 1922 he was jailed for conspiracy to overthrow the British government. Gandhi is a great person to analyze his protest because of how unique he was and because of how revolutionary he was. Just the way Mahatma Gandhi talks about people is incredible he has respect for all living things.  Gandhi practiced what is now known as civil disobedience, but he called it by a different name satyagraha. The english translation is tricky, but it translates indirectly to "unflinching adherence to the truth". Gandhi would become the founding father of India, but not without conflict.

One of Gandhi's most famous protest was his "fast unto death". Mahatma Gandhi on September 16 1932, while still imprisoned Gandhi started his fast. The reasoning as to why is the British who ruled India, and at this time had implemented a new Indian constitution that would seperate the Indian electorate by caste. Gandhi realized this new constitution would give the lowest class of Indians more commonly known as the "untouchables" a separate political  representation, and would lead to injustice among the untouchables which Gandhi called "gods children". Trying to sway the British crown is never easy, but with Gandhi's constant preaching of peace if he died the British would have to deal with upset Indians. Gandhi would fast for six days until British rule agreed to his principal terms of a settlement between the untouchables and the Indians higher classes. Gandhi broke his fast by saying a prayer before drinking orange juice and exclaiming satyagraha has triumphed.

Gandhi's protests were never violent, some became violent, however Mahatma Gandhi never preached violence he even said the only way to beat violence is non-violence. However Gandhi's protests very rarely appealed to logic. When it comes to logos it was not that Gandhi was above using logic, but the British crown wouldn't hear it.

One of Gandhi's biggest assets in the 1930's was he was Mahatma Gandhi. He was famous for his time spent in South Africa, he is the great soul. I feel this appeal was used greatly in Gandhi's fast unto death, but it was used differently than others use it. When Gandhi began his fast it put the British on a clock. Gandhis appeal was the fact that he was Gandhi, but it was also that the British needed Gandhi on the earth more than Gandhi needed. Gandhi realized his influence was so great that his death would mean more death, riots, and possibly war. Mohandas Gandhi was a member of the vaiysa or merchant caste. Higher above the untouchables so he was not just famous among the lower caste he was well known, famous even in the vaisya and upper caste. As a member of the merchant caste he was able to not be another poor uneducated person complaining, he attended college and these facts made him the credible person he was. If a poor man who no one knew starved to death the British wouldn't care. However because of who he was the British were not willing to allow the man who lead a sixty thousand person peaceful march to have those sixty thousand people possibly rioting. Gandhi was aware that the British crown would not be able to deal with the public pressure put on for the one known as the great soul. Gandhi embraced it as well he said this is a god-given opportunity has come to me, "To offer my life as a final sacrifice to the downtrodden". The man was prepared to die and the British waited six days, but when push came to shove they were aware of what was at stake.

In an argument no matter if the president of the United States or president of nothing there will be an appeal to either logic or emotion, a good cause can appeal to both, but there will be an appeal to at least one. Gandhi's appeal to logic were worthless, it didn't work because his people were being oppressed so even if it made sense the British were making so much money and had the resources to oppress them, so it did not make sense to the British because all they saw was themselves losing a profit. Gandhi found another way, the fact that Gandhi was a member of the higher vaiysa caste gave him a voice no untouchable had, the fact that it was Ghandi's voice was something no one else had. However this caste gave him a platform to appeal for his children of god. The lower caste system was in jeopardy of being more suppressed for seventy more years, but Gandhi knew if this happened there would be no going back, that the greed of the upper castes would deny human needs to the lower castes. Although Gandhi never said it I believe the fast was representing the starving people of the lower caste. The people who would continue to starve if this lack of representation proceeded. 

The great soul was concerned about others more than himself. The constant acts of selflessness are nearly unparalleled the man was ready to fast unto death in order to get reform for those less fortunate than him. He called the untouchables the children of god, a name that appeals to pathos. Gandhi fought for indolence through peace. He led more than sixty thousand people on a march to the sea the man was known from Berlin to Bangkok because he accomplished through peace whereas other men had used force. Gandhi did not fear death for he knew he would be more powerful in death than he was in life. What he represented still stands today, he laid the foundation for Martin Luther King Jr's civil disobedience, or as I know it satyagraha.

Work Cited

"A “Fast Unto Death”–Gandhi’s Legacy." Rentschler Library News. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

@HISTORYUK. "Gandhi Begins a Protest Fast." HISTORY. N.p., 2015. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

"Gandhi Begins Fast in Protest of Caste Separation." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

"What Is Satyagraha? | FAQs - Myths about Mahatma Gandhi." What Is Satyagraha? | FAQs - Myths about Mahatma Gandhi. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

"Years of Arrests of Mahatma Gandhi." Years of Arrests of Mahatma Gandhi. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2016.

MLK Million Man March

Who/What: Martin Luther King Jr. along with 250,000 others marched to Washington where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.

When: August 28, 1963, was the day of the march.

Where: Washington D.C.

Why: Years after the war there was still a huge disparity in the quality of life for whites vs. blacks. Black people had to use separate bathrooms water fountains wouldn't be served at many restaurants. The saying separate, but equal was anything but. Martin Luther King Jr. tried to preach peace and not fight the police, but peacefully break their rules. The march on Washington showed just how many people supported the just cause.

Identities: Martin Luther King Jr stood up against injustice and fought peacefully for freedom. Anyone who stands and fights against injustice will look to this man as a role model.

But I believe MLK Jr. would be upset with the state of black culture today. My reasoning for this is nothing more than a T.V. Show called The Boondocks.

Boondocks: Season 1 episode 9

"KING: Is this it? This is what I got all those ass whoopings for?I had a dream once. It was a dream that little black boys and little black girls would drink from the river of prosperity, freed from the thirst of oppression. But lo and behold, some four decades later, what have I found but a bunch of trifling, shiftless, good-for-nothing niggas? And I know some of you don't want to hear me say that word. It's the ugliest word in the English language, but that's what I see now: niggas. And you don't want to be a nigga, 'cause niggas are living contradictions! Niggas are full of unfulfilled ambitions! Niggas wax and wane; niggas love to complain! Niggas love to hear themselves talk, but hate to explain! Niggas love being another man's judge and jury! Niggas procrastinate until it's time to worry! Niggas love to be late, niggas hate to hurry! Black Entertainment Television is the worst thing I've ever seen in my life! Usher, "Michael Jackson" is not a genre of music! And now I'd like to talk about Soul Plane. I've seen what's around the corner, I've seen what's over the horizon, and I promise you - you niggas won't have nothing to celebrate. And no, I won't get there with you. I'm going to Canada."

Salt March

Who/What: Mohandas Gandhi along with 60,000 others marched 240 miles from Ahmedabad to the Arabian sea coast. This was an act of civil disobedience and resulted in everyones arrest. They were attempting to make salt from seawater which at the time was illegal. All salt was sold through the British crown. More than 60,000 people including Gandhi were arrested. 

When: The Salt March started on March 12th 1930 and they marched 240 miles and reached their destination on April 5th 1930.

Where: The March started at Gandhi's religious retreat in Ahmedabad and they marched to the Arabian Sea.

Why: India was under the rule of the British crown and this was an act of civil disobedience. India wanted to be an independent country and this was a huge staple in their fight for independence.

Identities: Gandhi a famous figure does whatever it takes to gain his independence.

British soldiers do as they are told and arrest law breakers.

Colin Kaepernick

Who/What: Colin Kaepernick Takes a Knee during the national anthem. Later explaining it is in protest of recent killing of african american males by the police without punishment. Kaepernick originally sat on the bench during the national anthem. Kaepernick received national attention and had a conversation with a former green beret and NFL player Nate Boyer. The two came to a conclusion that could show Kaepernick's frustration in a more respectful way. Kaepernick has explained his taking a knee is in no way a sign of disrespect to our military. His message is speciffically for the police.

When: The past three weeks before the NFL preseason games

Why: In most recently the past two years there seem to be a lot of deaths of African Americans at the hands of police. There are actually a lot of deaths at the hands of police, but when it comes to black people it seems they are unarmed or denied treatment that we speculate they would have gotten if they were white. Colin Kaepernick wants to bring this to peoples attention.

Where: San Diego and San Fransisco

Identity: Stop paid leave for cops who kill unarmed people.
               Kaepernick is a member of the NFL and the NFL should silence him.

Hello From Erika and Jake!

Hi my name is Erika, I'm a senior majoring in neuroscience and molecular and cellular biology. I'm taking this class because it's a requirement for pre-med, but I'm actually really stoked to study protests I think it'll sick! I'm from Washington and I like to snowboard, watch Star Trek, and my favorite food is the double baconator from Wendy's.

Hi my name is Jake. I'm a junior, I am majoring in journalism and I am taking this class for my major. I love my dog who is about to turn one year old her name is Nala the great princess of Tucson and she is a Dalmatian pit bull mix. I like Harry Potter and my favorite food is sushi.


We both like dogs and food